Basic Body Mechanics

1. Weight is balanced best when the center of gravity is directly above the base provided by the feet. 
2. Enlarging the base of support increases the stability of the body.
3. It is more stable if the center of gravity is close to the base of support.
4. Enlarging the base of support in the direction of the force to be applied will increase the amount of force that will be applied.
5. Face the direction of the task to be performed and turn the entire body in one plane.
6. Tighten the supporting muscles before lifting or making a force on the task to prevent injury.
7. Lifting should be undertaken by bending the legs and using the leg muscles and not your back.
8. Less energy is needed to move an object when friction between the object and the surface on which it rests is minimized.
9. It takes energy to move an object on a level surface than to move it up a slanted against the force of gravity.
10. It takes less energy and effort to lift an object close to your body. Muscles are stronger when contracted rather than stretched.
11. Weight of the body can be used as a force to assist in lifting or moving.
12. Smooth, rthymic movements at moderate speed require less energy than rapid jerky moves.
13. It takes less energy to work on surface at an appropriate height, it should be waist level.
14. When an object is pushed, it absorbs part of the forced being exerted.

Fundamental Needs

Fourteen Fundamental Needs:

1. Breathing normally
2. Eating and drinking adequately
3. Eliminating body wastes
4. Moving and maintaining desirable position
5. Sleeping and resting
6. Selecting suitable clothes
7. Maintaining body temperature within normal range by adjusting clothing and modifying the environment
8. Keeping the body clean and well-groomed to protect the integument
9. Avoiding dangers in the environment and avoiding injuring others.
10. Communicating with others in expressing emotions, needs, fears, or opinion
11. Worshiping according to one’s faith
12. Working in such a way that one feels a sense of accomplishment
13. Playing or participating in various forms of recreation
14. Learning, discovering, or satisfying the curiosity that leads to normal development and health, and using available health facilities

DIFFERENT DEFINITION OF NURSING

Nursing is a profession within the healthcare sector focused on the care of individuals, families, and communities so they may attain, maintain, or recover optimal health and quality of life - WIKIPEDIA

Nursing encompasses autonomous and collaborative care of individuals of all ages, families, groups and communities, sick or well and in all settings. Nursing includes the promotion of health, prevention of illness, and the care of ill, disabled and dying people. Advocacy, promotion of a safe environment, research, participation in shaping health policy and in patient and health systems management, and education are also key nursing roles. - ICN

Nursing the provision, at various levels of preparation, of services essential to or helpful in the promotion, maintenance, and restoration of health and well-being or in prevention of illness, as of infants, of sick and injured, or of others for any reason unable to provide such services for themselves. - Medical Dictionary

Henderson defined nursing in functional terms: “The unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery (or to a peaceful death) that he would perform unaided if he had the necessary strength, will or knowledge. And to do this in such a way as to help him gain independence as rapidly as possible.”

 Florence Nightingale defined nursing over 100 years ago as "the act of utilizing the environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery( Nightingale,1860). Nightingale considered a clean,well-ventilated, and quiet environment essential for recovery. Often considered the first nurse theorist. Nightingale raised the status of nursing through education. Nurses were no longer untrained housekeepers but people educated in the care of the sick.

Martha  Rogers defined nursing as a humanistic science for maintaining and promoting health, preventing illness, caring for and rehabilitating the sick and the disabled.

Imogene King: Nursing is a process of action, reaction, and interaction whereby nurse and client share information about their perception in the nursing situation.