Psychotherapeutic Interventions (Management Therapy)

A. Attitude Therapy
1. Active Friendliness
– advisable for withdrawn, apathetic patients usually schizophrenics
– Patient who is shy, aloope, isolated from others
– These patients are treated with tender loving care and their personal needs are attended to, like bathing, combing hair, cutting fingernails, etc.

2. Passive Friendliness
– indicated for paranoid patients with latent homosexual problems
– Nurse must maintain distance because paranoid patient hates too much closeness but make the patient feels that you are just around and willing anytime he needs you.
Example:
Patient: Ayoko sa ‘yo !!! Lumayo ka sa akin!
Nurse: Nandito lang ako sa nurse station kung kailangan mo ako.

3. Kind Firmness
- Indicated for depressed patient with suicidal tendencies, whose primary is depression. Usually, the purpose of kind firmness and insistence upon under gratifying work is to help him turn his hostility outward.
- This type of patients have inner hostility hence, the approach activities provided must help these patients.
- Character of which is to be firm with depressed patients and instead of sympathizing with their misery to make them work on monotonous, ungratifying, repetitive work. The work gives him some muscle action and something else to focus on besides on his own miseries.

4. Matter of Fact Attitude
- Indicated for manipulative and demanding patients. Stick to the rules and regulations.
- Be firm and consistent with your approaches or with what you say to these patients.
- Character Disorders such as alcoholic, drug addicts and passive individuals. These people are impatient with life. Their therapeutic need is to learn that manipulation is unrewarding. We teach them to grow up and meet their responsibilities.
- Explain the routine of the ward and follow rules and regulations.
- Example:
Patient: Mamaya na ako iinom ng gamut. Magpapahinga muna ako.
Nurse: Ngayon ang oras ng pag-inom ng gamut. Ito ang gamut mo.

5. No Demand Attitude
- Indicated for assaultive / combative patients
- Never approach the patient alone or he might perceive that you are challenging him to fight.
- Ask the help of the members of the team and surround the patient so that his hostilities may not be focused to the object of his anger. Likewise, a large group surrounding him shall help diffuse his hostilities.
- Tell the patient that you (the group) will not harm him instead you are all there to help him.

B. Remotivation Technique

- A simple group therapy which aims to bridge the fantasy world of the psychotics to the real world.
- Technique of very simple group therapy of an objective nature used by an attendant with his own patients in his own ward, in an effort to reach the unwounded areas of the patient’s personality and get then moving again in the direction towards reality.

Indication: Highly indicated for chronic, regressed, long term hospitalized patients.

Objectives:

1. To stimulate patients to be fellow explorer of the real world.
2. To develop feelings of acceptance
3. To develop their ability to communicate and share ideas and experiences with the other people
4. To promote group harmony and identification

Values to Patient:
1. Stimulates him to think about something and talk about himself.
2. Gives him a reason to value himself and increase his self respect.
3. Makes him a part of the group.

C. Music and Art Therapy

Music Therapy
- is defines as “the use of the unique properties and potential of music in a therapeutic situation for the purpose of changing human behavior so that the individual affected will be more able to function as a worthwhile members of today’s as well as tomorrow’s society.
- A form of distraction that uses music as an aid to relaxation. The use of music is important to restore, maintain and improve emotional, physical, physiological and spiritual well being.
- Means of enriching people’s live. It has a soothing and pleasing effect and provides for emotion release.

Art Therapy
- also called creative art therapy or expressive art therapy. It encourages a person to express and understand emotions through artistic expression and through creative process.
- Gives individuals both verbal and non-verbal outlets. In art therapy, the whole creative of art is recognized: form, content and individual meaning.
- Helps in reconciling emotional conflicts as well as promoting self awareness and personal growth.
- Can be used as the sole form of therapy or it can be combine with other form of therapy because art has been proven to be an effective means of identifying client’s issues.

Occupational Therapy
- A form of rehabilitation in which patients with physical or mental illnesses are encouraged to participate in selected activities that will equip them to function independently in everyday life, such as household management, art and crafts.
- Any activity, mental or physical, prescribed and guided to aid an individual’s recovery from diseases or injury.
- Many patients enjoy the activity because they exclude competition and pressure. There is opportunity for creativeness and produce something tangible out of patient’s own thinking and imagination.
- Self confidence and personal achievements are also experienced.

Activities suggested are:
• painting
• basketry
• gardening
• sketching
• toymaking
• flowermaking
• ceramics

Recreational Therapy
- activities which revitalizes the patient’s interest and helps him to relax and feel refreshed. It must be an activity which is different and provides a change from the patient’s usual routine.
Radio Television Programs
Singing Indoor games Reading
Ballgames Dancing

Biblio Therapy
- The printed word may be a means of modifying or stimulating the emotions. Reading may help lift a depressed patient, improve the attention span of the individual with power of concentration, relieve insomnia, and stimulate the imagination and ideas in patients.
- It is a therapy which a person suffering from depression reads self help books and other motivational books in between therapies to speed recovery.
- Refers to the use of a literature to help an individual to cope with emotional problem, mental illness or changes in their lives or to produce affective change and promote personality growth and development.

Calisthenics / Exercises

- A free body exercise performed with varying degrees of intensity and rhythm; employ such motions as bending, stretching and jumping with specialized movements as sit up, chin up, etc.
- It promotes strength endurance, flexibility and coordination, place controllable demands upon the cardiovascular system.

Play Therapy
- Treatment modality which enables the patient to experience intense emotion in a safe environment with the use of play.

Milieu Therapy
- consists of treatment by means of controlled modification of patients environment to facilitate positive behavioral change.

Humor Therapy
- involves the use of humor to facilitate expression of feelings and to enhance interactions.